Archive for the 'diseases' Category

How Your Blood Type Protects and Hurts You

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Did you know that your blood type affects more than just who you can donate blood to?

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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3827391/
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/115/23/4635?sso-checked=true
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5016303/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4295232/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2267/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2878475/
http://www.pnas.org/content/104/44/17471.full
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/110/7/2250?sso-checked=true
http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v21/n4/full/nm.3812.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875099/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4475644/
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/early/2016/07/07/ajtmh.16-0440.full.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895671
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/VWF#conditions
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jth.12226/full

USMLE Immunology 5: B cell and T cell Disorders

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Want to support the channel? Be a patron at:
https://www.patreon.com/LYMED Welcome to LY Med, where I go over everything you need to know for the USMLE STEP 1, with new videos every day.

Follow along with First Aid, or with my notes which can be found here: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/dylkj0bomn3dy7r/AADkMDWMstA0GCcTivBlId0Va?dl=0

This video will be on B cell and T cell disorders. Now just to preface it, know that T cells are seen more in viral and fungi infections. So in more viral and fungal infections, think of T cell disorders. Now that’s out of the way, let’s talk about B cell disorders.
1) X linked agammaglobulinemia: this is a mutation in bruton tyrosine kinase, which is needed to mature B cells and make plasma cells. Without this, there are no plasma cells and no immunoglobulins! This will show up at 6 months due to the loss of maternal antibodies.
2) Selective IgA deficiency: with a loss of IgA, you have more mucosal and respiratory and GIT infections. It is also linked to atopic diseases and allergic blood transfusion reaction.
3) Common variable immunodeficiency: this is a multifactorial disorder in class switching. This leads to variable decrease in immunoglobulin. Done with B cell disorderse, let’s discuss T cell disorders.

1) 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Also known as DiGeorge Syndrome. This is the failure of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouch to develop, which lead to a loss of the thymus. Without a thymus, there is no T cells! On chest x-ray (CXR), there is a loss of thymic shadow. Now these pouches also make your parathyroid. Without your parathyroid and PTH, you have low blood calcium. Lastly, systemic manifestations include cardiac abnormalities and abnormal facies.
2) IL-12 receptor deficiency: without functional IL-12, you lower TH1 and IFN-Y. This leads to a decrease in T cells and macrophage recruitment which leads to infectious of mycobacterium and fungi. The first sign is after administration of TB vaccine.
3) Hyper IgE syndrome: this is a mutation in STAT3 which controls cytokines and growth factors. Some cytokines it can’t release will be IL-12! Therefore there are similar signs, however, without other cytokines you have cold abscesses. Also with low IL-12, you have an increase in TH2 which leads to IgE and eosinophils and atopic diseases like eczema. That’s the cytokine part, how about the growth factors? With abnormal growth factors you have coarse facies, and retained primary teeth.
4) Our last one is chronic mucocutaneous candida: this is just candida over your skin and mucus membranes.

Now let’s combine them and talk about combined B cell and T cell disorders!
1) SCID – severe combined immunodeficiency: there are many ways to get SCID, but the most common is IL2 receptor deficiency. Another cause of SCID is adenosine deaminase deficiency which is an enzyme used in your purine salvage pathway. Due to the mitotic activity of T/B cells, a deficiency in this leads to decreased immune cells. Deficiency leads to loss of follicles, thymus or T-cell receptor excision circles.
2) Ataxia telangiectasia: this is due to an ATM mutation which normally repairs dsDNA breaks. Some signs include ataxia and telangiectasia! Labs show increased alpha fetoprotein.
3) Hyper IgM: this is a XLR disorder of your CD40. This leads to an inability to class switch. Therefore your default IgM will increase.
4) Wiskott aldrich: this is due to a mutation in WASP gene which helps regulate the cytoskeleton and receptors. You can see increased igE and IgA which can lead to eczema. Also your platelets can be dysfunctional leading to thrombocytopenia and bleeding.

Our last topic will be on phagocyte disorders! Let’s finish up with chediak higashi syndrome. This is due to defective LYST gene which leads to microtubule dysfunction. This leads to dysfunctional phagolysosomes. On blood smear, there are massive granules. The dead giveaway is albinism, due to loss of transport of melanin.
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Diseases caused by Air Pollution | Steps to reduce air pollution | Symptoms of Respiratory Diseases

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List of Pollutants and Diseases caused by them

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Letter J Song for Kids – Words that Start with J – Animals that Start with J

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Let’s learn about the letter J in this Letter J Song for Kids animated song and video! We will learn words that start with J and animals that start with J. It’s so much fun to learn about the letter J with 123ABCtv.

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Vitamins short tricks | vitamins and deficiency diseases

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Vitamins short tricks | vitamins and deficiency diseases

Vitamins short tricks | vitamins and deficiency diseases – This lecture explains the easy way to remember all the list of vitamins and diseases associated with the vitamin deficiency. Vitamin short tricks and mnemonics will help you to remember vitamin deficiency diseases easily.
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A description of common sexually transmitted infections, including causes, signs and symptoms, methods of transmission, treatment options, and strategies for prevention.

The Truth about Hepatitis B

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The Truth about Hepatitis B

Hear from Stanford Asian Liver Center doctors and patients about Hepatitis B. Learn about transmission possibilities, treatment options, misconceptions about hep b and pregnancy, testing, and more.

Diseases Caused By Pollution | Dietary Disease | Respiratory Diseases | Part 1-Environmental Science

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Diseases Caused By Pollution | Dietary Disease | Respiratory Diseases | Part 1:

Respiratory Disease:
Fever and Asthma,
00:00:35 – 00:02:37,

Laryngitis,
00:02:37 – 00:04:34,

Bronchitis,
00:04:34 – 00:05:21,

Pneumonia,
00:05:21 – 00:06:30,

Respiratory Disease,
00:06:30 – 00:07:55,

Emphysema,
00:07:55 – 00:09:50,

Lung Cancer,
00:09:50 – 00:11:40,

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Bible Verses About COVID-19, Coronavirus & Diseases – 7 Scriptures Episode 9

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Cancer, coronavirus, lupus, diabetes… Disease is a sometimes a reality of life. Should you let it colour your outlook? But does God give diseases? And more importantly, does God heal our illnesses? Have a look at what the Word says about disease and handling it. I think you’ll be surprised. #7Scriptures

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The Coronavirus ( COVID-19 ) is here and it’s deadly, but how should Christians respond? What does the Bible say about the Coronavirus? Does the Bible say a virus will usher in the end times? What about other pandemic diseases? In this video Pastor Nelson with Bible Munch answers the question, “What does the Bible say about pandemic diseases/sicknesses?”.

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*** Recent Bible Munch Videos:
John 3:16 – What the most popular Bible verse REALLY means.

Jeremiah 29:11 – God’s Plan – What is God’s Plan for my Life?

2 Chronicles 7:14 – If my people who are called by my name…

*** Source Article:
https://www.gotquestions.org/pandemic-diseases.html

*** Recommended Book:
The Book of Signs: 31 Undeniable Prophecies of the Apocalypse
By: Dr. David Jeremiah
https://bit.ly/2TTKacc

*** Related Questions:
Is it sometimes God’s will for believers to be sick?
https://www.gotquestions.org/sickness-will-God.html

What does the Bible say about coping/dealing with a terminal illness?
https://www.gotquestions.org/terminal-illness.html

Why did God create mosquitoes?
https://www.gotquestions.org/why-did-God-create-mosquitoes.html

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Liver Disease – Hepatitis B

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In this video Dr. Robert Brown, Professor of Medicine and Surgery at Columbia, discusses Hepatitis B in detail. Hepatitis B is the most common form of viral hepatitis in the world, and Dr. Brown discusses risk factors and treatment options for this condition.

For more information please visit our website at http://livermd.org/

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Infectious Diseases – An Introduction

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This video is a brief overview of Infectious Diseases. We will take a look at what they are, some terms used to describe characteristics of infectious diseases and different types. Historically, infectious diseases were the main cause of deaths around the world. Even now, they are a significant global public health issue leading to millions of deaths each year.

This video was created by Ranil Appuhamy
Voiceover – James Clark

For more information about infectious diseases, have a look at these websites:

http://www.who.int/topics/infectious_diseases/en/
https://www.cdc.gov/diseasesconditions/
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/

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Disclaimer:
These videos are provided for educational purposes only. Users should not rely solely on the information contained within these videos and is not intended to be a substitute for advice from other relevant sources. The author/s do not warrant or represent that the information contained in the videos are accurate, current or complete and do not accept any legal liability or responsibility for any loss, damages, costs or expenses incurred by the use of, or reliance on, or interpretation of, the information contained in the videos.
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Dive into the fascinating stories behind three notorious diseases: bubonic plague, malaria, and polio. See how scientists of the time were able to discover the causes of these diseases and develop effective treatments. Also, learn why infectious diseases are still a pressing issue for our society, despite our advances in science and technology.

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