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What are Autoimmune Diseases? Autoimmune Diseases are caused when the immune system attacks its own cells. This video is about autoimmunity, how autoimmune diseases develop, and the symptoms they cause. Find out how autoimmune antibodies, B-cells and T-cells get made and how they get activated. Autoimmune cells are activated via molecular mimicry, bystander activation and epitope spreading. Persistent infections can increase the stimulation of the immune system over a person’s lifetime and increase the chances of activating autoimmune cells.
Autoimmune Diseases can affect one organ, as in Type I Diabetes or many organs, as in Lupus. More than 100 autoimmune disorders affect 5-10% of people worldwide.
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CHAPTERS:
00:00 What is an Autoimmune Disease?
00:13 Types of Autoimmune Disease
00:38 Autoimmune Disease Risk
00:59 Autoimmune Disease Symptoms
01:15 Autoimmune Disease Diagnosis
01:27 Autoantibodies
01:53 Autoimmunity and Immune Tolerance
02:27 Role of Antibodies
02:33 B-Cell Development
03:14 T-cell Development
04:04 Activation of Autoreactive B & T-Cells
04:10 Molecular Mimicry
04:35 Bystander Activation
05:11 Epitope Spread
06:40 Viral Persistence
06:59 Symptoms Depend on Target Antigen
07:79 Autoimmune Disease Treatment
Explore the basics about the immune system with The Amoeba Sisters! This video talks about the three lines of defense and also compares cell-mediated response with the humoral response.
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Factual References:
Clark, M. A., Douglas, M., & Choi, J. (2018). Biology 2e. Houston, TX: Biology Stax. https://openstax.org/details/books/biology-2e
Reece, J. B., & Campbell, N. A. (2011). Campbell biology. Boston: Benjamin Cummings / Pearson.
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Further Reading Suggestions:
Discover many other types of white blood cells here! https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/42-1-innate-immune-response
More about antibody classes? https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/42-3-antibodies
More detail about the cell-mediated and humoral response? https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/42-2-adaptive-immune-response
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The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky’s certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos
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German subtitles translated by Laura Bilinson.
Romanian subtitles translated by Proseanchin Tudor-Ioan.
Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using YouTube’s community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by YouTube, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us.
We have an authorized channel with our videos dubbed in Spanish here
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Did you know, that after cancer, chronic kidney disease is considered to be the number two silent killer of dogs all over the world? It often develops unnoticed and when you finally do start to see clinical signs, it is often too late to treat and may take your dog’s life unexpectedly!
So make sure to watch this video as I’ll be explaining the causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods for kidney disease in dogs so that you can better prepare yourself and potentially protect your dog from this horrible affliction.
Now your dog’s prognosis will depend on the severity of the disease and its stages of progression. While chronic renal failure in dogs cannot be reversed or cured, treatment and management aimed at reducing the contributing factors and symptoms can slow its progression and may add a few months to a few years of good quality life to your pet’s lifespan.
The earlier kidney failure is diagnosed and treated, the better the prognosis and the higher the probability that your pet’s life will be extended.
Let me know down in the comments if you ever had a dog that was diagnosed with kidney disease and what you and your vet did to help him?
Here is a breakdown of the info covered in this video:
00:00 Introduction
01:22 Acute kidney disease vs Chronic kidney disease
02:22 Clinical signs of Kidney Disease in dogs
03:04 Causes of Kidney Disease in dogs
03:31 Diagnosis of Kidney Disease in dogs
04:49 Treatment of Kidney Disease in dogs
08:00 Prevention of Kidney Disease in dogs
08:45 Take Home Message
The purpose of this channel is to share free, accurate, factual and evidence based information regarding the health and well being of pets. If you are new to my YouTube channel, consider subscribing as I’ll be sharing new videos on interesting pet related topics every week!
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Legal Disclaimer: The content in this video is the property of Dr Pieter de Villiers, a licensed veterinarian. It is for medical education purposes and the information shared are well researched, but is still the opinion of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the South African Veterinary Council or the South African Veterinary Association.
For Veterinary Health Care Practitioners: Although the author had made every effort to provide the most up-to-date evidence-based medical information, this content should not necessarily be considered the standard of care and may not reflect individual practices in other geographic locations.
For the Public: This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional veterinary medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. These are medical procedures performed by a medical professional and should not be performed in a non-medical setting. You should contact your own veterinarian, or other qualified healthcare provider, with any questions you may have regarding your pet’s medical condition. Gender inclusive pronouns are being used in these videos, so when the author refers to “him” or “he”, it also includes “her” or “she”.
Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it based on information from this content. Relying on information provided by this content is done at your own risk. In the event of a medical emergency, contact your veterinarian or veterinary emergency facility immediately.
Some of the links on this page are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I may earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase and/or subscribe. Affiliate commissions help fund videos like this one.
From the very beginning of the COVID-19 crisis, Dr. Jay Bhattacharya has been on the front lines of analyzing, studying, and even personally fighting the pandemic. In this wide-ranging interview, Dr. Bhattacharya takes us through how it started, how it spread throughout the world, the efficacy of lockdowns, the development and distribution of the vaccines, and the rise of the Delta variant. He delves into what we got right, what we got wrong, and what we got really wrong. Finally, Dr. Bhattacharya looks to the future and how we will learn to live with COVID rather than trying to extinguish it, and how we might be prepared to deal with another inevitable pandemic that we know will arrive at some point.
For further information:
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Have you heard about dancing mania? While some mental conditions are well documented with treatment options, there are still others that we know very little about. In this video, we cover: erotomania, musical ear syndrome, visual snow syndrome, alien hand syndrome, folie a deux, hemispatial neglect, aphantasia, synesthesia, factitious disorder, and dancing mania. Which of these have you heard about before?
Want to buy some candles to lighten up the mood? Here’s one that we recommend: https://innerlightcandle.com/
Writer: Sid Thompson
Script Editor: Isadora Ho
Script Manager: Kelly Soong
VO: Amanda Silvera
Animator: AwesomeKick
YouTube Manager: Cindy Cheong
Editors of Hearing HealthCare. “My Tinnitus Has a Melody – Is That Possible?: Musical Ear Syndrome.” Hearing HealthCare, Inc. , 14 Feb. 2020, www.hearinghealthcareinc.com/musical-ear-syndrome/.
Editors of Neuroscientifically Challenged. “The Mysterious Dancing Mania and Mass Psychogenic Illness.” Neuroscientifically Challenged, Neuroscientifically Challenged, 9 Apr. 2019, www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com/blog/dancing-mania-mass-psychogenic-illness.
Editors of Mayo Clinic. “Factitious Disorder.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 14 Dec. 2019, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356028.
Editors of Psychology Today. “Synesthesia.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 2020, www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/synesthesia.
Ingleson, Kanna. “Erotomania: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment.” Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 28 Aug. 2017, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319145.
Maddox, Lucy. “Aphantasia: What It’s like to Live with No Mind’s Eye.” BBC Science Focus Magazine, 8 Apr. 2020, www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/aphantasia-life-with-no-minds-eye/.
Parton, A, et al. “Hemispatial Neglect.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, BMJ Group, Jan. 2004, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1757480/.
Puledda, Francesca, et al. “Visual Snow Syndrome.” Neurology, Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on Behalf of the American Academy of Neurology, 11 Feb. 2020, n.neurology.org/content/94/6/e564.
Sharon, Idan. Shared Psychotic Disorder: Background and Criteria, History, Subtypes and Characteristics, Medscape, 9 Nov. 2019, emedicine.medscape.com/article/293107-overview. Video Rating: / 5
This video talks about T and B cell disorders | What disease is combined B-cell and T cell deficiency? | USMLE STEP 1
For Notes, flashcards, daily quizzes, and practice questions follow
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Dr. David Spence, director of Robarts Research Institutes Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, is encouraging people with diabetes taking high doses of B vitamins to stop their treatment because it increases risks for heart attacks or strokes. These surprising results are published in a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Lesson on Vitamin B12 Deficiency Causes, including dietary intake issues, medication use, gastrointestinal disease (ex. crohn’s disease, celiac disease), GI infections, pancreatic disease and autoimmune conditions (ex. pernicious anemia). Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential in our diet as we are not able to synthesize it ourselves, and it is necessary for healthy red blood cell production, DNA synthesis and central nervous system functioning. Vitamin b12 deficiency can be due to a variety of causes within 2 major categories: reduced dietary intake and compromised absorption. Compromised absorption entails a wide variety of causes including certain medications, and issues within the gastrointestinal tract.
In this lesson, we discuss a detailed overview of causes of Vitamin b12 deficiency, including discussing pernicious anemia, crohn’s disease, celiac disease and We also discuss the physiology of normal B12 metabolism and absorption and discuss where in this physiological pathway many disease states interfere with B12 absorption.
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Check out some of my other lessons.
Medical Terminology – The Basics – Lesson 1:
Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway:
Wnt/B Catenin Signaling Pathway:
Upper vs. Lower Motor Neuron Lesions:
Lesson on the Purine Synthesis and Salvage Pathway:
Gastrulation | Formation of Germ Layers:
Introductory lesson on Autophagy (Macroautophagy):
Infectious Disease Playlist
Dermatology Playlist
Pharmacology Playlist
Hematology Playlist
Rheumatology Playlist
Endocrinology Playlist
Nephrology Playlist
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**MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.
Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.
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*Although I try my best to present accurate information, there may be mistakes in this video. If you do see any mistakes with information in this lesson, please comment and let me know.*
I am always looking for ways to improve my lessons! Please don’t hesitate to leave me feedback and comments – all of your feedback is greatly appreciated! 🙂 And please don’t hesitate to send me any messages if you need any help – I will try my best to be here to help you guys 🙂
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In this video, we will explore various diseases in the field of biology. For common illnesses vitamin C, Vitamin B etc . Get ready to expand your understanding of the biological processes that occur in the human body and how they can sometimes go wrong, leading to illness. This video is designed for students, educators, and anyone who is interested in the fascinating world of biology and diseases.
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copyright 2018 Seema Sharma
Disclaimer: This video is for medical professional review purposes only; not for patient information. Video Rating: / 5
Types of Vitamins (Water Soluble, Fat Soluble Vitamins) | Functions of Vitamins| Deficiency Diseases
▪ Vitamins and minerals are substances that are found in foods we eat. Your body needs them to work properly, so you grow and stay healthy. When it comes to vitamins, each one has a special role to play.
▪ There are two types of vitamins: Fat soluble vitamins and Water soluble vitamins.
▪ When you eat foods that contain fat-soluble vitamins, the vitamins are stored in the fat tissues in your body and in your liver. They wait around in your body fat until your body needs them. Fat-soluble vitamins are happy to stay stored in your body for a long time. Then, when it’s time for them to be used, special carriers in your body take them to where they’re needed. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all fat-soluble vitamins.
▪ Water-soluble vitamins are different. These vitamins dissolve in water. When you eat foods that have water-soluble vitamins, the vitamins are not stored in your body. Instead, they travel through your bloodstream. Whatever your body doesn’t use comes out when you urinate. So water-soluble vitamins need to be replaced often because they don’t stick around! This crowd of vitamins includes vitamin C and the big group of B vitamins — B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), niacin, B6 (pyridoxine), folic acid, B12 (cobalamine), biotin, and pantothenic acid.
#typesofvitamins #functionsofvitamins #deficiencydiseases #pharmacyd #pharmacydbyasim
Chapters:
0:00 – Vitamins
0:25 – Fat Soluble Vitamins and Water Soluble Vitamins
1:03 – Types of Vitamins
1:23 – Vitamin A Source, Function, Deficiency Diseases
1:56 – Vitamin B Source, Function, Deficiency Diseases
2:45 – Vitamin C Source, Function, Deficiency Diseases
3:26 – Vitamin D Source, Function, Deficiency Diseases
4:00 – Vitamin E Source, Function, Deficiency Diseases
4:22 – Vitamin K Source, Function, Deficiency Diseases
different types of vitamins, different types of vitamins and their functions, different types of vitamins and their deficiency diseases, vitamin c functions sources and deficiency, vitamin d functions sources and deficiency, vitamin b types and functions, types of water soluble vitamins, types of fat soluble vitamins, types of vitamins and their functions, vitamin a function and deficiency, vitamin e functions sources and deficiency, pharmacyd, pharmacyd by asim
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“Content is For Informational & Education Purpose Only, Creamed From Various Authentic Books of Pharmacy & Medicine. The Video Content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.”
A Famous Quote is: “What We Know is a Drop. What We Don’t Know is an Ocean”.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms | B12 Deficiency | Vitamin B12 – All You Need to Know | 10 warning signs of vitamin b12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 is necessary for DNA synthesis, energy production, and central nervous system function .
B12 insufficiency and deficiency is often due to limited dietary intake, malabsorption, certain medical conditions, or the use of B12-depleting medications.
Ability to absorb B12 from food declines with age; therefore it is more common in older adults. It is also common in pregnancy and can be seen in young adults and children.
In this video we have discussed about the most common signs & symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency.
Fatigue & Tired:
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause Weakness, tiredness, or lightheadedness
Glossitis:
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause Red, painful, and inflammed tongue. This condition is called Hunter’s glossitis or Moeller’s glossitis. This can be an early sign of Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Paresthesia in hands & feet:
Paresthesia is a medical term that refers to a burning or pins-and-needles sensation in certain areas of the body, like the hands and feet.
Many adults and kids who have B12 deficiency report experiencing paresthesia
People with diabetes taking metformin are at a higher risk of developing B12 deficiency, because this medication can reduce vitamin B12 absorption in the body
Depression:
Vitamin B12 deficiency is also associated with a risk of developing depression. Vitamin B12 is a needed for our central nervous system development.
Low or deficient B12 levels may lead to other mental conditions, including psychosis and mood disorders
Difficulty concentrating and mental impairment:
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause concentration problem and it is more common in older people.
Gastrointestinal problems:
A B12 deficiency may also cause diarrhea, nausea, constipation, bloating, gas, and other gastrointestinal symptoms
Headache:
Headaches are amongst the most commonly reported symptoms related to B12 deficiency in both adults and kids.
Muscle cramps and muscle weakness. B12 deficiency negatively impacts motor and sensory nerve function, which can cause muscle cramps and weakness
Impaired coordination. A person with B12 deficiency may have difficulty walking and balancing
Erectile dysfunction. Men with B12 deficiency may experience erectile dysfunction as a result of increased levels of homocysteine in the body
Vision disturbances. B12 deficiency may cause vision disturbances, possibly due to damage to the optic nerve
Medical disclaimer: Medinaz Academy does not provide medical advice. The content available in our books and videos, on our website, or on our social media handles do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. We intend to provide educational information only. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition. Video Rating: / 5
E. Coli, Mononucleosis, Influenza, Meningitis, Pneumonia and Shingles (herpes zoster) are the most common infectious diseases.
Regarding E. Coli, Dr. Stacey Baker, Infectious Disease Physician with Baptist Health South Florida, explains people may get it from contaminated food products. Mononucleosis is also called the kissing disease because it can be easily passed through oral secretions and it’s very common in teens and young people.
Influenza alarms people of all ages. Meningitis can be caused by both, bacteria and viruses. It can be very concerning when it happens, the specialist says. Video Rating: / 5
